In the modern world, it is not only humanity that is making progress.Unfortunately, diseases that affect humans are also in constant motion and evolution.
Two decades ago, symptoms of osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine were rare, often in elderly people.Now the age categories of patients have expanded significantly and include women, men and children of different ages.
The rarity of manifestations of this disease is based on the fact that the thoracic part of the spinal region is inactive, which excludes various injuries and damages.
With osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, the bone and cartilage tissue of the spine undergoes serious changes that lead to a violation of their integrity.
If you do not contact a specialist in time, irreversible changes occur that can only be stopped by surgical intervention.
In the chain of development of the disease, the skeletal system of the spine comes first, followed by cartilage formations, ligaments and muscles of the spine.
When osteochondrosis is diagnosed in adolescence, premature aging of the musculoskeletal system begins.
There are 4 degrees of development of osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine according to symptoms and treatment, on which the patient's well-being depends:
- i degreeThe symptoms are mild or completely absent.Projections occur.
- II degree.Intervertebral discs lose elasticity and height.There is a loss of stability in the spine.The first pains appear.
- III degree.At this stage, hernias are detected with severe pain.
- IV degree.The bone tissue of the spine is destroyed due to complete deprivation of the intervertebral discs of their basic functions.
Symptoms and signs
Signs of osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine depend on gender, the degree of development of the disease and the mobility of the patient.Most of the symptoms appear with certain degrees of stress and fatigue, as well as with prolonged stays in the same position.
How does thoracic osteochondrosis manifest:
- Chest pain that is particularly severe during prolonged periods of inactivity.
- There is a feeling of pressure in the middle of the back.Deep inhalations and exhalations are also difficult.
- Pain that is induced when movements associated with the spine are included in physical activity.Hand movements, bending, turning.
- Prolonged back pain.
- Neurological disorders in certain parts of the body, manifested by numbness.
- Increased sensitivity in some areas of the skin (so-called goosebumps).
- Unpleasant sensations in the lower limbs.
- Due to vascular damage in thoracic osteochondrosis, local symptoms appear on the skin in the form of peeling.Changes also affect the nails.
- Reproductive disorders and decreased libido may occur.
The symptoms can also vary by gender.The signs of thoracic osteochondrosis in women are somewhat different than in men.
Symptoms of thoracic osteochondrosis in women:
- Local pain syndrome in the area of the affected disc.
- False symptoms of diseases of internal organs that occur along the innervation of the pinched nerve.
- Compression symptoms.
Symptoms of thoracic osteochondrosis in men appear much earlier than in women.The rest of the clinical picture is very similar.
Most of the differences appear only in the severity of symptoms, as men lead a much more active lifestyle.
Also, thoracic osteochondrosis in women is less pronounced and occurs later due to the protective effect of female sex hormones.
With thoracic osteochondrosis, symptoms and sensations can be similar to those during the development of heart diseases, therefore, examinations of the heart's function are also carried out when a diagnosis is made.
Treatment
The chronic course of the disease is different, as a worsening can develop at any time, if the symptoms are very pronounced.The patient experiences severe back pain and difficulty breathing.
Before curing thoracic osteochondrosis, it is important to understand the nature of the exacerbation and the extent of the disease.Typically, the causes of such conditions are specific factors:
- Stressful situations.
- Very hard work.
- Prolonged exposure to low temperature environments.
- Weight lifting or active sports.
The treatment is primarily based on an etiological approach.That is, the factor that caused the acute stage is excluded.In severe cases of the disease, a limited daily regimen is recommended.Here are some principles for the approach:
- Low mobility mode.
- A diet containing large amounts of vitamins, minerals and fiber is prescribed.
- Medicinal treatment of thoracic osteochondrosis.
- Local therapy, including massage (according to indications), use of external forms of medicine with an anti-inflammatory effect.
- Exercise therapy.Only in cases where the doctor allows it.
- Physiotherapy.
Medicines
Drug treatment of osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine is based on the classical principles of treatment of pinched nerve fibers.The first step is to relieve symptoms that are causing significant suffering to the patient.
The selected drugs are prescribed individually, taking into account contraindications and side effects.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment is considered primary and primary.Its effects appear from the first day of treatment.
How to treat thoracic osteochondrosis:
- NSAIDs.The drugs are taken orally or administered parenterally.They have a number of positive properties.First of all, they improve the patient's quality of life and restore his ability to move normally.
Unfortunately, this group of drugs also has a number of negative indicators.Contraindications include gastrointestinal diseases.An absolute prohibition is imposed in the presence of an ulcer or acute gastritis.If kidney and liver function is impaired, the drugs require dose adjustment.
NSAIDs are often combined with muscle relaxants.
- Muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that significantly relieve the patient's condition.When an inflammatory process occurs at the vertebral level, a strong muscle spasm occurs in the fibers surrounding the inflamed area.Prolonged spasm also causes severe pain in the segment area.Muscle relaxants eliminate this spasm and thereby relieve pain.
It is not recommended to take these medicines if the patient is driving a car or other equipment.
- Vitamin complexes.Used to relieve inflammation in nerve fibers and stabilize nerve membranes.More often than others, B vitamins and nicotinic acid are used.
- Chondroprotective drugs.Combinations of chondroitin with glucosamine in different doses.
This group of drugs normalizes metabolic processes in joint tissue and has a strong anti-inflammatory effect with glucose.The course of treatment with chondroprotectors is long-term and is repeated at intervals.
Side effects are mainly seen in the gastrointestinal tract.This is bloating and belching.
For the treatment of thoracic osteochondrosis, special drugs are used in the form of injections.The management principles vary.The main method is the introduction of electrophoresis in the physiotherapy room.It also comes in cream and ointment form.
For thoracic osteochondrosis, drug treatment is based on the principles of relieving the inflammatory process and freeing the pinched nerve.
It is important to note that even long courses of anti-inflammatory treatment in the absence of other corrective courses of treatment will not be able to relieve the patient from suffering for a long time.
If the attending physician recommends massage procedures, they must be performed.
Massage
Before treating osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine with massage, a functional diagnosis is performed, and the first stage of treatment is prescribed, which includes taking anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxants.
This set of measures is aimed at relieving spasms and inflammation in the area of the affected segment.Only after achieving certain results in the first phase, one can talk about the benefits of massage.
How to cure osteochondrosis in the thoracic region with massage?
Massage procedures can also relieve muscle spasticity and improve blood supply to the damaged area.
- Acupressure.A procedure in which a specialist's hands act on specific points, improving their blood supply and thereby relieving the inflammatory process.It is important to know that pain is not allowed during acupressure.Acute pain syndrome is an absolute contraindication for such massage.
- Massage the affected segment.Provides excellent effects by improving blood supply to the entire area.At the same time, soft tissue begins to actively renew itself, which has a beneficial effect on the therapy.
- Classic massage.Osteochondrosis in the thoracic region due to symptoms of the acute phase cannot be treated with classical massage.Any vibration or displacement can cause severe pain.Only after complete removal of restrictions on motor activity and the inflammatory process can classical massage be performed.
- Plastic massage.Indicated for all stages of the disease, gives excellent results.After 5 sessions, it is recommended to move on to the next type of massage.
Since getting rid of thoracic osteochondrosis is a complex task, the combination of massage with conservative treatment is considered one of the most effective non-surgical therapies.
Physical training
Thoracic osteochondrosis with signs of stages I - II of the disease is treated with physiotherapy, which has a beneficial effect on the muscle layers in the area of the affected segment, strengthens ligaments and eliminates the further development of protrusions.
If the stage of the disease is characterized by severe pain, conservative treatment, massage, and only after that - exercise therapy are carried out first.
What is exercise therapy?This is a complex of therapeutic and preventive procedures that improve the blood supply and stability of the affected segment.
There are a number of exercises that have worked well:
- Raise your arms while exhaling, bend back with a deep breath.This is followed by a slow bow with the back arched upwards.
- From a sitting position, using the back of the chair as support, bend backwards with your hands behind your head.
- Stand on 4 limbs, bend and bend the back, fix the highest and lowest possible positions.
- Position – weight lying on the stomach.A diligent bending of the top is performed with an attempt to lift the torso off the floor.
- Exercise boat.
Their effectiveness depends on how diligently the patient performs each exercise.
All exercises are repeated 5 to 7 times.Before starting the class, do a warm-up to avoid sprains and injuries.
Traction force
What to do if pathology is detected in the initial stage?
In the early stages of the disease, traction is considered an excellent solution.Through this procedure, muscle spasms are eliminated and displaced vertebrae are returned to their place.Deformation of the spine is overcome.
What types of traits are there:
- Dry traction.This procedure is easier to perform than others.If the disease is detected in the first stage, a horizontal bar is perfect.If strong displacements and prolonged spasms are observed, special beds and training equipment are used.These tools correctly dose the load and its duration.
- Wet traction.It is performed in warm water, which improves blood circulation in the affected segment and also, if done correctly, eliminates sudden movements.
With thoracic osteochondrosis, symptoms during treatment with classical regimens may return several times a year.For prevention, traction and exercise therapy are used, which eliminate the risk of protrusions and strong displacements.
Reviews about physiotherapy procedures in the stages of remission and after long-term treatment are mostly positive.The recommendations and implementation of these procedures are completely justified!
Surgery
What to do if the chosen methods do not give results?
Due to the wrong approach to therapy, osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine progresses according to symptoms after treatment and makes the patient's life unbearable.This also happens due to visiting a doctor too late.
Unfortunately, if the integrity of the intervertebral disc is compromised and a hernia is diagnosed, surgical intervention is recommended to avoid life-threatening consequences.
After the operation, special elastic products are prescribed and the patient's mobility is limited until complete recovery.
Conclusion
Therapy for osteochondrosis at all its stages and with any approach depends on how osteochondrosis manifests itself, how much tissue is affected, and most importantly, what is the prognosis for certain procedures.Based on these diagnostic aspects, therapeutic measures are initiated.